numpy.piecewise¶
-
numpy.
piecewise
(x, condlist, funclist, *args, **kw)[source]¶ Evaluate a piecewise-defined function.
Given a set of conditions and corresponding functions, evaluate each function on the input data wherever its condition is true.
Parameters: x : ndarray or scalar
The input domain.
condlist : list of bool arrays or bool scalars
Each boolean array corresponds to a function in funclist. Wherever condlist[i] is True, funclist[i](x) is used as the output value.
Each boolean array in condlist selects a piece of x, and should therefore be of the same shape as x.
The length of condlist must correspond to that of funclist. If one extra function is given, i.e. if
len(funclist) == len(condlist) + 1
, then that extra function is the default value, used wherever all conditions are false.funclist : list of callables, f(x,*args,**kw), or scalars
Each function is evaluated over x wherever its corresponding condition is True. It should take a 1d array as input and give an 1d array or a scalar value as output. If, instead of a callable, a scalar is provided then a constant function (
lambda x: scalar
) is assumed.args : tuple, optional
Any further arguments given to
piecewise
are passed to the functions upon execution, i.e., if calledpiecewise(..., ..., 1, 'a')
, then each function is called asf(x, 1, 'a')
.kw : dict, optional
Keyword arguments used in calling
piecewise
are passed to the functions upon execution, i.e., if calledpiecewise(..., ..., alpha=1)
, then each function is called asf(x, alpha=1)
.Returns: out : ndarray
The output is the same shape and type as x and is found by calling the functions in funclist on the appropriate portions of x, as defined by the boolean arrays in condlist. Portions not covered by any condition have a default value of 0.
Notes
This is similar to choose or select, except that functions are evaluated on elements of x that satisfy the corresponding condition from condlist.
The result is:
|-- |funclist[0](x[condlist[0]]) out = |funclist[1](x[condlist[1]]) |... |funclist[n2](x[condlist[n2]]) |--
Examples
Define the sigma function, which is -1 for
x < 0
and +1 forx >= 0
.>>> x = np.linspace(-2.5, 2.5, 6) >>> np.piecewise(x, [x < 0, x >= 0], [-1, 1]) array([-1., -1., -1., 1., 1., 1.])
Define the absolute value, which is
-x
forx <0
andx
forx >= 0
.>>> np.piecewise(x, [x < 0, x >= 0], [lambda x: -x, lambda x: x]) array([ 2.5, 1.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5])
Apply the same function to a scalar value.
>>> y = -2 >>> np.piecewise(y, [y < 0, y >= 0], [lambda x: -x, lambda x: x]) array(2)