numpy.ediff1d

numpy.ediff1d(ary, to_end=None, to_begin=None)

The differences between consecutive elements of an array.

Parameters

aryarray_like

If necessary, will be flattened before the differences are taken.

to_endarray_like, optional

Number(s) to append at the end of the returned differences.

to_beginarray_like, optional

Number(s) to prepend at the beginning of the returned differences.

Returns

ediff1dndarray

The differences. Loosely, this is ary.flat[1:] - ary.flat[:-1].

See also

diff, gradient

Notes

When applied to masked arrays, this function drops the mask information if the to_begin and/or to_end parameters are used.

Examples

>>> x = np.array([1, 2, 4, 7, 0])
>>> np.ediff1d(x)
array([ 1,  2,  3, -7])

>>> np.ediff1d(x, to_begin=-99, to_end=np.array([88, 99]))
array([-99,   1,   2, ...,  -7,  88,  99])

The returned array is always 1D.

>>> y = [[1, 2, 4], [1, 6, 24]]
>>> np.ediff1d(y)
array([ 1,  2, -3,  5, 18])