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numpy.inner

numpy.inner(a, b)

Inner product of two arrays.

Ordinary inner product of vectors for 1-D arrays (without complex conjugation), in higher dimensions a sum product over the last axes.

Parameters

a, barray_like

If a and b are nonscalar, their last dimensions must match.

Returns

outndarray

out.shape = a.shape[:-1] + b.shape[:-1]

Raises

ValueError

If the last dimension of a and b has different size.

See also

tensordot

Sum products over arbitrary axes.

dot

Generalised matrix product, using second last dimension of b.

einsum

Einstein summation convention.

Notes

For vectors (1-D arrays) it computes the ordinary inner-product:

np.inner(a, b) = sum(a[:]*b[:])

More generally, if ndim(a) = r > 0 and ndim(b) = s > 0:

np.inner(a, b) = np.tensordot(a, b, axes=(-1,-1))

or explicitly:

np.inner(a, b)[i0,...,ir-1,j0,...,js-1]
     = sum(a[i0,...,ir-1,:]*b[j0,...,js-1,:])

In addition a or b may be scalars, in which case:

np.inner(a,b) = a*b

Examples

Ordinary inner product for vectors:

>>>

>>> a = np.array([1,2,3])
>>> b = np.array([0,1,0])
>>> np.inner(a, b)
2

A multidimensional example:

>>>

>>> a = np.arange(24).reshape((2,3,4))
>>> b = np.arange(4)
>>> np.inner(a, b)
array([[ 14,  38,  62],
       [ 86, 110, 134]])

An example where b is a scalar:

>>>

>>> np.inner(np.eye(2), 7)
array([[7., 0.],
       [0., 7.]])