numpy.logspace#
- numpy.logspace(start, stop, num=50, endpoint=True, base=10.0, dtype=None, axis=0)[source]#
Return numbers spaced evenly on a log scale.
In linear space, the sequence starts at
base ** start
(base to the power of start) and ends withbase ** stop
(see endpoint below).Changed in version 1.16.0: Non-scalar start and stop are now supported.
Changed in version 1.25.0: Non-scalar ‘base` is now supported
- Parameters:
- startarray_like
base ** start
is the starting value of the sequence.- stoparray_like
base ** stop
is the final value of the sequence, unless endpoint is False. In that case,num + 1
values are spaced over the interval in log-space, of which all but the last (a sequence of length num) are returned.- numinteger, optional
Number of samples to generate. Default is 50.
- endpointboolean, optional
If true, stop is the last sample. Otherwise, it is not included. Default is True.
- basearray_like, optional
The base of the log space. The step size between the elements in
ln(samples) / ln(base)
(orlog_base(samples)
) is uniform. Default is 10.0.- dtypedtype
The type of the output array. If
dtype
is not given, the data type is inferred from start and stop. The inferred type will never be an integer; float is chosen even if the arguments would produce an array of integers.- axisint, optional
The axis in the result to store the samples. Relevant only if start, stop, or base are array-like. By default (0), the samples will be along a new axis inserted at the beginning. Use -1 to get an axis at the end.
New in version 1.16.0.
- Returns:
- samplesndarray
num samples, equally spaced on a log scale.
See also
arange
Similar to linspace, with the step size specified instead of the number of samples. Note that, when used with a float endpoint, the endpoint may or may not be included.
linspace
Similar to logspace, but with the samples uniformly distributed in linear space, instead of log space.
geomspace
Similar to logspace, but with endpoints specified directly.
- How to create arrays with regularly-spaced values
Notes
If base is a scalar, logspace is equivalent to the code
>>> y = np.linspace(start, stop, num=num, endpoint=endpoint) ... >>> power(base, y).astype(dtype) ...
Examples
>>> np.logspace(2.0, 3.0, num=4) array([ 100. , 215.443469 , 464.15888336, 1000. ]) >>> np.logspace(2.0, 3.0, num=4, endpoint=False) array([100. , 177.827941 , 316.22776602, 562.34132519]) >>> np.logspace(2.0, 3.0, num=4, base=2.0) array([4. , 5.0396842 , 6.34960421, 8. ]) >>> np.logspace(2.0, 3.0, num=4, base=[2.0, 3.0], axis=-1) array([[ 4. , 5.0396842 , 6.34960421, 8. ], [ 9. , 12.98024613, 18.72075441, 27. ]])
Graphical illustration:
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt >>> N = 10 >>> x1 = np.logspace(0.1, 1, N, endpoint=True) >>> x2 = np.logspace(0.1, 1, N, endpoint=False) >>> y = np.zeros(N) >>> plt.plot(x1, y, 'o') [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x...>] >>> plt.plot(x2, y + 0.5, 'o') [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x...>] >>> plt.ylim([-0.5, 1]) (-0.5, 1) >>> plt.show()