numpy.pow#

numpy.pow(x1, x2, /, out=None, *, where=True, casting='same_kind', order='K', dtype=None, subok=True[, signature]) = <ufunc 'power'>#

First array elements raised to powers from second array, element-wise.

Raise each base in x1 to the positionally-corresponding power in x2. x1 and x2 must be broadcastable to the same shape.

An integer type raised to a negative integer power will raise a ValueError.

Negative values raised to a non-integral value will return nan. To get complex results, cast the input to complex, or specify the dtype to be complex (see the example below).

Parameters:
x1array_like

The bases.

x2array_like

The exponents. If x1.shape != x2.shape, they must be broadcastable to a common shape (which becomes the shape of the output).

outndarray, None, or tuple of ndarray and None, optional

A location into which the result is stored. If provided, it must have a shape that the inputs broadcast to. If not provided or None, a freshly-allocated array is returned. A tuple (possible only as a keyword argument) must have length equal to the number of outputs.

wherearray_like, optional

This condition is broadcast over the input. At locations where the condition is True, the out array will be set to the ufunc result. Elsewhere, the out array will retain its original value. Note that if an uninitialized out array is created via the default out=None, locations within it where the condition is False will remain uninitialized.

**kwargs

For other keyword-only arguments, see the ufunc docs.

Returns:
yndarray

The bases in x1 raised to the exponents in x2. This is a scalar if both x1 and x2 are scalars.

See also

float_power

power function that promotes integers to float

Examples

Cube each element in an array.

>>> x1 = np.arange(6)
>>> x1
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> np.power(x1, 3)
array([  0,   1,   8,  27,  64, 125])

Raise the bases to different exponents.

>>> x2 = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0]
>>> np.power(x1, x2)
array([  0.,   1.,   8.,  27.,  16.,   5.])

The effect of broadcasting.

>>> x2 = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1], [1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1]])
>>> x2
array([[1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1],
       [1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1]])
>>> np.power(x1, x2)
array([[ 0,  1,  8, 27, 16,  5],
       [ 0,  1,  8, 27, 16,  5]])

The ** operator can be used as a shorthand for np.power on ndarrays.

>>> x2 = np.array([1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1])
>>> x1 = np.arange(6)
>>> x1 ** x2
array([ 0,  1,  8, 27, 16,  5])

Negative values raised to a non-integral value will result in nan (and a warning will be generated).

>>> x3 = np.array([-1.0, -4.0])
>>> with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
...     p = np.power(x3, 1.5)
...
>>> p
array([nan, nan])

To get complex results, give the argument dtype=complex.

>>> np.power(x3, 1.5, dtype=complex)
array([-1.83697020e-16-1.j, -1.46957616e-15-8.j])
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