method
random.Generator.
f
Draw samples from an F distribution.
Samples are drawn from an F distribution with specified parameters, dfnum (degrees of freedom in numerator) and dfden (degrees of freedom in denominator), where both parameters must be greater than zero.
The random variate of the F distribution (also known as the Fisher distribution) is a continuous probability distribution that arises in ANOVA tests, and is the ratio of two chi-square variates.
Degrees of freedom in numerator, must be > 0.
Degrees of freedom in denominator, must be > 0.
Output shape. If the given shape is, e.g., (m, n, k), then m * n * k samples are drawn. If size is None (default), a single value is returned if dfnum and dfden are both scalars. Otherwise, np.broadcast(dfnum, dfden).size samples are drawn.
(m, n, k)
m * n * k
None
dfnum
dfden
np.broadcast(dfnum, dfden).size
Drawn samples from the parameterized Fisher distribution.
See also
scipy.stats.f
probability density function, distribution or cumulative density function, etc.
Notes
The F statistic is used to compare in-group variances to between-group variances. Calculating the distribution depends on the sampling, and so it is a function of the respective degrees of freedom in the problem. The variable dfnum is the number of samples minus one, the between-groups degrees of freedom, while dfden is the within-groups degrees of freedom, the sum of the number of samples in each group minus the number of groups.
References
Glantz, Stanton A. “Primer of Biostatistics.”, McGraw-Hill, Fifth Edition, 2002.
Wikipedia, “F-distribution”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-distribution
Examples
An example from Glantz[1], pp 47-40:
Two groups, children of diabetics (25 people) and children from people without diabetes (25 controls). Fasting blood glucose was measured, case group had a mean value of 86.1, controls had a mean value of 82.2. Standard deviations were 2.09 and 2.49 respectively. Are these data consistent with the null hypothesis that the parents diabetic status does not affect their children’s blood glucose levels? Calculating the F statistic from the data gives a value of 36.01.
Draw samples from the distribution:
>>> dfnum = 1. # between group degrees of freedom >>> dfden = 48. # within groups degrees of freedom >>> s = np.random.default_rng().f(dfnum, dfden, 1000)
The lower bound for the top 1% of the samples is :
>>> np.sort(s)[-10] 7.61988120985 # random
So there is about a 1% chance that the F statistic will exceed 7.62, the measured value is 36, so the null hypothesis is rejected at the 1% level.