numpy.angle

numpy.angle(z, deg=False)

Return the angle of the complex argument.

Parameters:

zarray_like

A complex number or sequence of complex numbers.

degbool, optional

Return angle in degrees if True, radians if False (default).

Returns:

anglendarray or scalar

The counterclockwise angle from the positive real axis on the complex plane in the range (-pi, pi], with dtype as numpy.float64.

Changed in version 1.16.0: This function works on subclasses of ndarray like ma.array.

See also

arctan2

absolute

Notes

This function passes the imaginary and real parts of the argument to arctan2 to compute the result; consequently, it follows the convention of arctan2 when the magnitude of the argument is zero. See example.

Examples

>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.angle([1.0, 1.0j, 1+1j])               # in radians
array([ 0.        ,  1.57079633,  0.78539816]) # may vary
>>> np.angle(1+1j, deg=True)                  # in degrees
45.0
>>> np.angle([0., -0., complex(0., -0.), complex(-0., -0.)])  # convention
array([ 0.        ,  3.14159265, -0.        , -3.14159265])