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- Contributing to NumPy
...l things you might want to do Advanced debugging tools Finding C errors with additional tooling Reviewer guidelines Who can be a reviewer? Communication guidelines Reviewer checklist Standard replies for reviewing NumPy benchmarks Usa...
- Data types
...ly padded to 128 bits. np.longdouble is padded to the system default; np.float96 and np.float128 are provided for users who want specific padding. In spite of the names, np.float96 and np.float128 provide only as much precision as np.longdo...
- How to write a NumPy how-to
...nk to Find the court house Find city hall By organizing how-tos this way, you not only display the options for people who need to narrow their question, you also have provided answers for users who start with narrower questions (“I want t...
- Memory management in NumPy
...e are no Python domain-wide strategies for large chunks of object data, so those are less suited to NumPy’s needs. User who wish to change the NumPy data memory management routines can use PyDataMem_SetHandler, which uses a PyDataMem_Handle...
- NumPy 1.14.0 Release Notes
...was non-contiguous will be replaced by a writeable copy in the future. This temporary measure is aimed to notify folks who expect the underlying array be modified in this situation that that will no longer be the case. The most likely plac...
- NumPy 1.14.1 Release Notes
...rce releases were cythonized with Cython 0.26.1, which is known to not support the upcoming Python 3.7 release. People who wish to run Python 3.7 should check out the NumPy repo and try building with the, as yet, unreleased master branch o...
- NumPy 1.14.2 Release Notes
...rce releases were cythonized with Cython 0.26.1, which is known to not support the upcoming Python 3.7 release. People who wish to run Python 3.7 should check out the NumPy repo and try building with the, as yet, unreleased master branch o...
- NumPy 1.15.0 Release Notes
...a replacement for the no longer maintained nose framework. The old nose based interface remains for downstream projects who may still be using it. The Python versions supported by this release are 2.7, 3.4-3.7. The wheels are linked with Op...
- NumPy 1.16.0 Release Notes
...NEP 15, they have been deprecated along with the C-API functions PyArray_SetNumericOps and PyArray_GetNumericOps. Users who wish to override the inner loop functions in built-in ufuncs should use PyUFunc_ReplaceLoopBySignature. The numpy.un...
- NumPy 1.20.0 Release Notes
...e has been removed from ABCPolyBase as it was no longer used in the derived convenience classes. This may affect users who have derived classes from ABCPolyBase and overridden the methods for representation and display, e.g. __str__, __rep...
- NumPy 1.23.0 Release Notes
...ons (e.g. with 0-D arrays rather than scalars) may be slower in some cases. However, even with these improvements users who want the best performance for their scalars, may want to convert a known NumPy scalar into a Python one using scalar...
- NumPy 1.25.0 Release Notes
...and nose has been unmaintained for many years. We have kept NumPy’s nose support to avoid breaking downstream projects who might have been using it and not yet switched to pytest or some other testing framework. With the arrival of Python...
- NumPy 1.26.0 Release Notes
...t capture the full extent of the work, special thanks to Ralf Gommers, Sayed Adel, Stéfan van der Walt, and Matti Picus who did much of the work in the main development branch. The highlights of this release are: Python 3.12.0 support. Cyt...
- NumPy 1.4.0 Release Notes
...domain. The new classes should generally be used instead of the low level functions, the latter are provided for those who wish to build their own classes. The new modules are not automatically imported into the numpy namespace, they must...
- NumPy 1.8.0 Release Notes
...in some future version of NumPy they will raise an error. Authors This release contains work by the following people who contributed at least one patch to this release. The names are in alphabetical order by first name: 87 Adam Ginsburg...
- NumPy 1.9.0 Release Notes
...ised instead of OverflowError. Polynomial Classes no longer derived from PolyBase This may cause problems with folks who depended on the polynomial classes being derived from PolyBase. They are now all derived from the abstract base clas...
- NumPy 2.0 migration guide
...urce Use inspect.getsource instead. tracemalloc_domain It’s now available from np.lib. unicode_ Use np.str_ instead. who Use an IDE variable explorer or locals() instead. If the table doesn’t contain an item that you were using but w...
- NumPy 2.0.0 Release Notes
...source has been removed. The preferred replacement is inspect.getsource. np.lookfor has been removed. (gh-24144) numpy.who has been removed. As an alternative for the removed functionality, one can use a variable explorer that is available...
- NumPy C code explanations
...icism consists of redoubling your efforts when you have forgotten your aim. — George Santayana An authority is a person who can tell you more about something than you really care to know. — Unknown This page attempts to explain the logic b...
- NumPy C-API
...NumPy C-API Beware of the man who won’t be bothered with details. — William Feather, Sr. The truth is out there. — Chris Carter, The X Files NumPy...
- NumPy project governance and decision-making
...zation. The Project is developed by a team of distributed developers, called Contributors. Contributors are individuals who have contributed code, documentation, designs or other work to the Project. Anyone can be a Contributor. Contributor...
- NumPy quickstart
...reates an array full of zeros, the function ones creates an array full of ones, and the function empty creates an array whose initial content is random and depends on the state of the memory. By default, the dtype of the created array is fl...
- NumPy security
...ware of beforehand can lead to a lot of work for all involved parties. Advice for using NumPy on untrusted data A user who can freely execute NumPy (or Python) functions must be considered to have the same privilege as the process/Python i...
- numpy.from_dlpack
...never copy, and will raise BufferError in case a copy is deemed necessary. Passing it requests a copy from the exporter who may or may not implement the capability. If None, the function will reuse the existing memory buffer if possible and...
- numpy.kaiser
...\leq \frac{M-1}{2},\] where \(I_0\) is the modified zeroth-order Bessel function. The Kaiser was named for Jim Kaiser, who discovered a simple approximation to the DPSS window based on Bessel functions. The Kaiser window is a very good ap...
- numpy.random.binomial
...number of samples, in which case the binomial distribution is used instead. For example, a sample of 15 people shows 4 who are left handed, and 11 who are right handed. Then p = 4/15 = 27%. 0.27*15 = 4, so the binomial distribution should...
- numpy.random.Generator.binomial
...number of samples, in which case the binomial distribution is used instead. For example, a sample of 15 people shows 4 who are left handed, and 11 who are right handed. Then p = 4/15 = 27%. 0.27*15 = 4, so the binomial distribution should...
- numpy.random.Generator.vonmises
...on, and \(I_0(\kappa)\) is the modified Bessel function of order 0. The von Mises is named for Richard Edler von Mises, who was born in Austria-Hungary, in what is now the Ukraine. He fled to the United States in 1939 and became a professo...
- numpy.random.Generator.zipf
...\(k \geq 1\), where \(\zeta\) is the Riemann Zeta function. It is named for the American linguist George Kingsley Zipf, who noted that the frequency of any word in a sample of a language is inversely proportional to its rank in the frequenc...
- numpy.random.RandomState.binomial
...number of samples, in which case the binomial distribution is used instead. For example, a sample of 15 people shows 4 who are left handed, and 11 who are right handed. Then p = 4/15 = 27%. 0.27*15 = 4, so the binomial distribution should...
- numpy.random.RandomState.vonmises
...on, and \(I_0(\kappa)\) is the modified Bessel function of order 0. The von Mises is named for Richard Edler von Mises, who was born in Austria-Hungary, in what is now the Ukraine. He fled to the United States in 1939 and became a professo...
- numpy.random.RandomState.zipf
...\(k \geq 1\), where \(\zeta\) is the Riemann Zeta function. It is named for the American linguist George Kingsley Zipf, who noted that the frequency of any word in a sample of a language is inversely proportional to its rank in the frequenc...
- numpy.random.vonmises
...on, and \(I_0(\kappa)\) is the modified Bessel function of order 0. The von Mises is named for Richard Edler von Mises, who was born in Austria-Hungary, in what is now the Ukraine. He fled to the United States in 1939 and became a professo...
- numpy.random.zipf
...\(k \geq 1\), where \(\zeta\) is the Riemann Zeta function. It is named for the American linguist George Kingsley Zipf, who noted that the frequency of any word in a sample of a language is inversely proportional to its rank in the frequenc...
- Reviewer guidelines
.... We encourage people outside the project to get involved as well; it’s a great way to get familiar with the codebase. Who can be a reviewer? Reviews can come from outside the NumPy team – we welcome contributions from domain experts (for...
- Status of
numpy.distutilsand migration advice...as the build system, there should be no blockers left to migrate, and SciPy will be a good reference for other packages who are migrating. For more details about the SciPy migration, see: RFC: switch to Meson as a build system Tracking iss...
- Typing (
numpy.typing)...ode is valid: >>> x = np.array([1, 2]) >>> x.dtype = np.bool This sort of mutation is not allowed by the types. Users who want to write statically typed code should instead use the numpy.ndarray.view method to create a view of the array w...
- What is NumPy?
...ger in such a way that the resulting broadcast is unambiguous. For detailed “rules” of broadcasting see Broadcasting. Who else uses NumPy? NumPy fully supports an object-oriented approach, starting, once again, with ndarray. For example,...
- Array API standard compatibility
...e upgraded to given NumPy’s backwards compatibility policy. For usage guidelines for downstream libraries and end users who want to write code that will work with both NumPy and other array libraries, we refer to the documentation of the ar...
- C API deprecations
...hon’s C-API as well as account for compiler technology of the late 90’s. There is also only a small group of volunteers who have had very little time to spend on improving this API. There is an ongoing effort to improve the API. It is impor...
- Iterating over arrays
...tes the memory usage issue and is more cache-friendly than making temporary copies. Except for special cases, where the whole array is needed at once outside the iterator, buffering is recommended over temporary copying. Within NumPy, buffe...
- Putting the inner loop in Cython
...Putting the inner loop in Cython Those who want really good performance out of their low level operations should strongly consider directly using the iteration...
- Structured arrays
- Using Python as glue