numpy.random.Generator.multivariate_hypergeometric#
method
- random.Generator.multivariate_hypergeometric(colors, nsample, size=None, method='marginals')#
Generate variates from a multivariate hypergeometric distribution.
The multivariate hypergeometric distribution is a generalization of the hypergeometric distribution.
Choose
nsample
items at random without replacement from a collection withN
distinct types.N
is the length ofcolors
, and the values incolors
are the number of occurrences of that type in the collection. The total number of items in the collection issum(colors)
. Each random variate generated by this function is a vector of lengthN
holding the counts of the different types that occurred in thensample
items.The name
colors
comes from a common description of the distribution: it is the probability distribution of the number of marbles of each color selected without replacement from an urn containing marbles of different colors;colors[i]
is the number of marbles in the urn with colori
.- Parameters
- colorssequence of integers
The number of each type of item in the collection from which a sample is drawn. The values in
colors
must be nonnegative. To avoid loss of precision in the algorithm,sum(colors)
must be less than10**9
when method is “marginals”.- nsampleint
The number of items selected.
nsample
must not be greater thansum(colors)
.- sizeint or tuple of ints, optional
The number of variates to generate, either an integer or a tuple holding the shape of the array of variates. If the given size is, e.g.,
(k, m)
, thenk * m
variates are drawn, where one variate is a vector of lengthlen(colors)
, and the return value has shape(k, m, len(colors))
. Ifsize
is an integer, the output has shape(size, len(colors))
. Default is None, in which case a single variate is returned as an array with shape(len(colors),)
.- methodstring, optional
Specify the algorithm that is used to generate the variates. Must be ‘count’ or ‘marginals’ (the default). See the Notes for a description of the methods.
- Returns
- variatesndarray
Array of variates drawn from the multivariate hypergeometric distribution.
See also
hypergeometric
Draw samples from the (univariate) hypergeometric distribution.
Notes
The two methods do not return the same sequence of variates.
The “count” algorithm is roughly equivalent to the following numpy code:
choices = np.repeat(np.arange(len(colors)), colors) selection = np.random.choice(choices, nsample, replace=False) variate = np.bincount(selection, minlength=len(colors))
The “count” algorithm uses a temporary array of integers with length
sum(colors)
.The “marginals” algorithm generates a variate by using repeated calls to the univariate hypergeometric sampler. It is roughly equivalent to:
variate = np.zeros(len(colors), dtype=np.int64) # `remaining` is the cumulative sum of `colors` from the last # element to the first; e.g. if `colors` is [3, 1, 5], then # `remaining` is [9, 6, 5]. remaining = np.cumsum(colors[::-1])[::-1] for i in range(len(colors)-1): if nsample < 1: break variate[i] = hypergeometric(colors[i], remaining[i+1], nsample) nsample -= variate[i] variate[-1] = nsample
The default method is “marginals”. For some cases (e.g. when colors contains relatively small integers), the “count” method can be significantly faster than the “marginals” method. If performance of the algorithm is important, test the two methods with typical inputs to decide which works best.
New in version 1.18.0.
Examples
>>> colors = [16, 8, 4] >>> seed = 4861946401452 >>> gen = np.random.Generator(np.random.PCG64(seed)) >>> gen.multivariate_hypergeometric(colors, 6) array([5, 0, 1]) >>> gen.multivariate_hypergeometric(colors, 6, size=3) array([[5, 0, 1], [2, 2, 2], [3, 3, 0]]) >>> gen.multivariate_hypergeometric(colors, 6, size=(2, 2)) array([[[3, 2, 1], [3, 2, 1]], [[4, 1, 1], [3, 2, 1]]])