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This is documentation for an old release of NumPy (version 1.19). Read this page Search for this page in the documentation of the latest stable release (version 2.2).

NumPy Documentation¶

Setting up
- What is NumPy?
  - Why is NumPy Fast?
  - Who Else Uses NumPy?
- Installing NumPy
- Troubleshooting ImportError
  - ImportError
Quickstart tutorial
- Prerequisites
- The Basics
- Shape Manipulation
- Copies and Views
- Less Basic
  - Broadcasting rules
- Advanced indexing and index tricks
- Linear Algebra
  - Simple Array Operations
- Tricks and Tips
- Further reading
NumPy: the absolute basics for beginners
- Welcome to NumPy!
- Installing NumPy
- How to import NumPy
- Reading the example code
- What’s the difference between a Python list and a NumPy array?
- What is an array?
- More information about arrays
- How to create a basic array
- Adding, removing, and sorting elements
- How do you know the shape and size of an array?
- Can you reshape an array?
- How to convert a 1D array into a 2D array (how to add a new axis to an array)
- Indexing and slicing
- How to create an array from existing data
- Basic array operations
- Broadcasting
- More useful array operations
- Creating matrices
- Generating random numbers
- How to get unique items and counts
- Transposing and reshaping a matrix
- How to reverse an array
- Reshaping and flattening multidimensional arrays
- How to access the docstring for more information
- Working with mathematical formulas
- How to save and load NumPy objects
- Importing and exporting a CSV
- Plotting arrays with Matplotlib
NumPy Tutorials
- NumPy basics
- Miscellaneous
- NumPy for Matlab users
- Tutorial: Linear algebra on n-dimensional arrays
- Building from source
- Using NumPy C-API
NumPy How Tos
- How to read and write data using NumPy
NumPy Reference
- Array objects
- Constants
- Universal functions (ufunc)
- Routines
- Global State
- Packaging (numpy.distutils)
- NumPy Distutils - Users Guide
- NumPy C-API
- NumPy internals
- NumPy and SWIG
  - numpy.i: a SWIG Interface File for NumPy
  - Testing the numpy.i Typemaps
- Acknowledgements
Explanations
- Broadcasting
  - General Broadcasting Rules
F2PY Users Guide and Reference Manual
- Three ways to wrap - getting started
- Signature file
- Using F2PY bindings in Python
- Using F2PY
  - Command f2py
  - Python module numpy.f2py
- Using via numpy.distutils
- Advanced F2PY usages
Glossary
Contributing to NumPy
- Development process - summary
- Development process - details
Under-the-hood Documentation for developers
NumPy’s Documentation
- A Guide to NumPy/SciPy Documentation
  - numpydoc docstring guide
- Example Source
- Example Rendered
- Building the NumPy API and reference docs
  - Instructions
  - Sphinx extensions
A Guide to NumPy/SciPy Documentation
- numpydoc docstring guide
Example Source
Example Rendered
NumPy benchmarks
- Usage
- Writing benchmarks
Reporting bugs
Release Notes
- 1.19.0
  - Highlights
  - Expired deprecations
  - Compatibility notes
  - Deprecations
  - C API changes
    - Better support for const dimensions in API functions
    - Const qualify UFunc inner loops
  - New Features
  - Improvements
  - Improve detection of CPU features
  - Changes
- 1.18.4
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.18.3
  - Highlights
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.18.2
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.18.1
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.18.0
  - Highlights
  - New functions
    - Multivariate hypergeometric distribution added to numpy.random
  - Deprecations
  - Expired deprecations
  - Compatibility notes
  - C API changes
    - PyDataType_ISUNSIZED(descr) now returns False for structured datatypes
  - New Features
  - Improvements
  - Changes
- 1.17.5
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.17.4
  - Highlights
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.17.3
  - Highlights
  - Compatibility notes
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.17.2
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.17.1
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.17.0
  - Highlights
  - New functions
  - Deprecations
  - Future Changes
    - Shape-1 fields in dtypes won’t be collapsed to scalars in a future version
  - Compatibility notes
  - C API changes
    - dimension or stride input arguments are now passed by npy_intp const*
  - New Features
  - Improvements
  - Changes
- 1.16.6
  - Highlights
  - New functions
    - Allow matmul (@ operator) to work with object arrays.
  - Compatibility notes
    - Fix regression in matmul (@ operator) for boolean types
  - Improvements
    - Array comparison assertions include maximum differences
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.16.5
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.16.4
  - New deprecations
    - Writeable flag of C-API wrapped arrays
  - Compatibility notes
    - Potential changes to the random stream
  - Changes
    - numpy.lib.recfunctions.structured_to_unstructured does not squeeze single-field views
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.16.3
  - Compatibility notes
    - Unpickling while loading requires explicit opt-in
  - Improvements
    - Covariance in random.mvnormal cast to double
  - Changes
    - __array_interface__ offset now works as documented
- 1.16.2
  - Compatibility notes
    - Signed zero when using divmod
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.16.1
  - Contributors
  - Enhancements
  - Compatibility notes
  - New Features
    - divmod operation is now supported for two timedelta64 operands
  - Improvements
    - Further improvements to ctypes support in np.ctypeslib
    - Array comparison assertions include maximum differences
  - Changes
    - timedelta64 % 0 behavior adjusted to return NaT
- 1.16.0
  - Highlights
  - New functions
  - New deprecations
  - Expired deprecations
  - Future changes
  - Compatibility notes
  - C API changes
  - New Features
  - Improvements
  - Changes
- 1.15.4
  - Compatibility Note
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.15.3
  - Compatibility Note
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.15.2
  - Compatibility Note
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.15.1
  - Compatibility Note
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.15.0
  - Highlights
  - New functions
  - Deprecations
  - Future Changes
  - Compatibility notes
  - C API changes
    - New functions npy_get_floatstatus_barrier and npy_clear_floatstatus_barrier
    - Changes to PyArray_GetDTypeTransferFunction
  - New Features
  - Improvements
- 1.14.6
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.14.5
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.14.4
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.14.3
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.14.2
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.14.1
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.14.0
  - Highlights
  - New functions
  - Deprecations
  - Future Changes
  - Compatibility notes
  - C API changes
    - PyPy compatible alternative to UPDATEIFCOPY arrays
  - New Features
  - Improvements
  - Changes
- 1.13.3
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.13.2
  - Contributors
  - Pull requests merged
- 1.13.1
  - Pull requests merged
  - Contributors
- 1.13.0
  - Highlights
  - New functions
  - Deprecations
  - Future Changes
  - Build System Changes
  - Compatibility notes
  - C API changes
    - GUfuncs on empty arrays and NpyIter axis removal
    - PyArray_MapIterArrayCopyIfOverlap added to NumPy C-API
  - New Features
  - Improvements
  - Changes
- 1.12.1
  - Bugs Fixed
- 1.12.0
  - Highlights
  - Dropped Support
  - Added Support
  - Build System Changes
  - Deprecations
  - Future Changes
    - Multiple-field manipulation of structured arrays
  - Compatibility notes
  - New Features
  - Improvements
  - Changes
- 1.11.3
  - Contributors to maintenance/1.11.3
  - Pull Requests Merged
- 1.11.2
  - Pull Requests Merged
- 1.11.1
  - Fixes Merged
- 1.11.0
  - Highlights
  - Build System Changes
  - Future Changes
  - Compatibility notes
  - New Features
  - Improvements
  - Changes
  - Deprecations
  - FutureWarnings
    - Assigning to slices/views of MaskedArray
- 1.10.4
  - Compatibility notes
  - Issues Fixed
  - Merged PRs
- 1.10.3
- 1.10.2
  - Compatibility notes
  - Issues Fixed
  - Merged PRs
  - Notes
- 1.10.1
- 1.10.0
  - Highlights
  - Dropped Support
  - Future Changes
  - Compatibility notes
  - New Features
  - Improvements
  - Changes
  - Deprecations
- 1.9.2
  - Issues fixed
- 1.9.1
  - Issues fixed
- 1.9.0
  - Highlights
  - Dropped Support
  - Future Changes
  - Compatibility notes
  - New Features
  - Improvements
  - Deprecations
- 1.8.2
  - Issues fixed
- 1.8.1
  - Issues fixed
  - Changes
    - NDIter
    - Optional reduced verbosity for np.distutils
  - Deprecations
    - C-API
- 1.8.0
  - Highlights
  - Dropped Support
  - Future Changes
  - Compatibility notes
  - New Features
  - Improvements
  - Changes
  - Deprecations
    - General
  - Authors
- 1.7.2
  - Issues fixed
- 1.7.1
  - Issues fixed
- 1.7.0
  - Highlights
  - Compatibility notes
  - New features
  - Changes
    - General
    - Casting Rules
  - Deprecations
    - General
    - C-API
- 1.6.2
  - Issues fixed
  - Changes
    - numpy.f2py
    - numpy.poly
- 1.6.1
  - Issues Fixed
- 1.6.0
  - Highlights
  - New features
  - Changes
  - Deprecated features
  - Removed features
- 1.5.0
  - Highlights
    - Python 3 compatibility
    - PEP 3118 compatibility
  - New features
  - Changes
- 1.4.0
  - Highlights
  - New features
  - Improvements
  - Deprecations
  - Internal changes
- 1.3.0
  - Highlights
  - New features
  - Deprecated features
    - Histogram
  - Documentation changes
  - New C API
  - Internal changes
About NumPy
- NumPy community
About this documentation
- Conventions
NumPy License